8 Q$=CHR$(34):R=53265:C=128:V=53248:S=V+1024:LI=52016:WI=51200:CL=51203:SU=51206:SD=51209:POKES+23,.:POKES+4,128:POKEV+32,14:GOSUB1000:PRINT" [215]ELCOME TO THE FOURTH CHAPTER OF":PRINT"[204]OADSTAR'S [195][207][205][193][204][160]0.14 [212]UTORIAL. [201]N":PRINT"[195]HAPTER 1, WE KEYED IN A SHORT, THREE-
18 [153]"LINE LEN(null)(null)ATN(null) PROGRAM IN ORDER TO GET":[153]"USED TO THE LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSEENVIRONMENT. RIGHT$N":[153]"LENHAPTER 2, WE EXAMINED HOW THAT SHORT":[153]"PROGRAM, WHICH CONVERTED TEMPERATURES":[153]"FROM DEGREES ASCARENHEIT TO DEGREES LENEL-":[153]"SIUS, WORKED. RIGHT$N LENHAPTER 3, WE SAVED
24 PRINT"OUR PROGRAM ONTO A DISKETTE.":GOSUB1200:PRINT" [201]N THIS CHAPTER, WE WILL BEGIN TO":PRINT"LEARN THE MOST POWERFUL AND IMPORTANT":PRINT"FEATURE OF [195][207][205][193][204]: [211][212][210][213][195][212][213][210][197][196][160][211][213][194][208][210][207]-":PRINT"[199][210][193][205][211]. [198]IRST, LET'S PERFORM A LITTLE":PRINT"EXPERIMENT:
30 [153]" (null)IGHT NOW, WE WILL ASSUME YOU HAVE":[153]"JUST (null)(null)ATNSTR$ED THE LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSESYSTEM INTO THE":[153]"LEN64. (null)HAT MEANS THERE SHOULD BE NO":[153]"LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSEPROGRAM IN MEMORY.":X%[178].:Y%[178]14:[141]1110:[153]"9902 PEEK(null)(null)VAL(null)CLOSEASC(null)VALVAL.":[141]1200:[153]" (null)OU KNOW (FROM LENHAPTER 1) THAT WE
36 PRINT"ARE IN [195]OMMAND MODE. [198]ROM HERE, COM-":PRINT"MANDS SUCH AS [204][201][211][212], [211][193][214][197], [193][213][212][207], ETC.":PRINT"CAN BE USED. [211]OME PEOPLE CALL THIS":PRINT"'[201]MMEDIATE'[160]MODE, BECAUSE [195][207][205][193][204][160]STATE-":PRINT"MENTS CAN BE ENTERED HERE AND EXECUTED
41 [153]"IMMEDIATELY, WITHOUT WAITING FOR A (null)(null)(null)":[153]"COMMAND. (null)OU HAVE ALREADY SEEN THIS":[153]"IN ACTION: (null)ATN(null)(null)CLOSE(USED LAST CHAPTER TO":[153]"FORMAT A NEW DISK)CLOSEIS A STATEMENT!":[141]1200:[153]" ATNCTUALLY, ATN(null)(null)CLOSESIMPLE STATEMENT EX-
46 PRINT"CEPT FOR THE [201][206][208][213][212][160]STATEMENT MAY BE":PRINT"ENTERED IN [201]MMEDIATE MODE. [198]OR EXAM-":PRINT"PLE, TYPE THIS:":PRINT" [208][210][201][206][212][160]"Q$"[195][207][205][193][204][160][201][211][160][197][193][211][217]!"Q$"":GOSUB1160:GOSUB1300:X%=.:Y%=16:A$="[208][210][201][206][212] "+Q$+"[195][207][205][193][204] [201][211] [197][193][211][217]!"+Q$:GOSUB1600
51 IFETHENA$=MID$(A$,E):E=.:GOSUB1605:GOTO51
52 GOSUB1500:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN52
53 PRINT:PRINT"[195][207][205][193][204][160][201][211][160][197][193][211][217]!":GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT"[144][217]OU JUST EXECUTED A [208][210][201][206][212][160]STATEMENT IN":PRINT"[201]MMEDIATE MODE. [201]T HAD NO LINE NUM-":PRINT"BER, SO IT WASN'T 'STORED'.":GOSUB1205:PRINT" [212]O PROVE IT, TRY TO [204][201][211][212] THE CUR-":PRINT"RENT PROGRAM:
68 [153]:[141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOP ATNS YOU CAN SEE, THERE IS NO PRO-":[153]"GRAM IN MEMORY, THOUGH YOU JUST TYPED":[153]"IN A (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)CLOSESTATEMENT. PEEKECAUSE IT HAD":[153]"NO LINE NUMBER, IT WAS EXECUTED IMME-":[153]"DIATELY INSTEAD OF BEING STORED AS A
73 PRINT"LINE IN A PROGRAM, WAITING FOR A [210][213][206]":PRINT"COMMAND.":GOSUB1205:PRINT" [204]ET'S EXPERIMENT A LITTLE WITH THE":PRINT"[201]MMEDIATE MODE [208][210][201][206][212]. [212]RY THIS:":PRINT" [208][210][201][206][212][160]"Q$"2"Q$"":GOSUB1160:GOSUB1300:X%=.:Y%=21:A$="[208][210][201][206][212] "+Q$+"2"+Q$:GOSUB1600
93 GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]":GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]2":GOSUB1700:GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:GOSUB1205:PRINT" [201]T SEEMS AS IF THE DOUBLE-QUOTES":PRINT"AREN'T REALLY NECESSARY. [193]FTER ALL,":PRINT"BOTH STATEMENTS [208][210][201][206][212]ED A 2! [194]UT BE-":PRINT"FORE WE JUMP TO ANY CONFUSIONS, LET'S":PRINT"TRY ANOTHER EXPERIMENT:
104 [141]1700:[153]"ON":[141]1700:[153]"ON2+2":[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOPLEFT$MMM . . . RIGHT$ AM NOT SURE IF THAT IS":[153]"QUITE WHAT YOU EXPECTED!":[141]1205:[153]" (null)ET'S TRY IT THE OTHER WAY:":[153]" (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)CLOSE2+2":[141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) 2+2":[141]1600
118 [141]1700:[153]"ON":[141]1700:[153]"ON4":[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOP (null)ELL! RIGHT$T SEEMS THAT LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)'S (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null)":[153]"STATEMENT TREATS QUOTES MUCH AS AN UP-":[153]"STANDING JOURNALIST WOULD. RIGHT$F IT'S IN":[153]"QUOTES, (null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) IT EXACTLY! RIGHT$F IT IS
124 PRINT"NOT, PARAPHRASE (I.E. [208][210][201][206][212][160]THE [214][193][204][213][197]":PRINT"OF THE [197][216][208][210][197][211][211][201][207][206])!":GOSUB1205:PRINT" [206]OW THAT WE KNOW THAT WE CAN USE":PRINT"[195][207][205][193][204]'S [208][210][201][206][212][160]STATEMENT IN [201]MMEDIATE":PRINT"[205]ODE AS A KIND OF CALCULATOR, LET'S":PRINT"TRY SOMETHING INTERESTING:":PRINT" [208][210][201][206][212][160]5/2
135 [153]" ^":[153]" /(null)HAT MEANS DIVIDE 5 BY 2":[141]1160:[141]1300:X%[178].:Y%[178]24:A$[178]"(null)(null)RIGHT$(null)(null) 5/2":[141]1600
143 [141]1700:[153]"ON":[141]1700:[153]"ON2.5":[141]1700:[141]1035:[141]1150:[153]"STOPRIGHT$T SEEMS LEN(null)(null)ATN(null)CLOSECAN DO STR$ECIMAL (null)ATH!":[141]1205:[153]" PEEKUT WHAT IF YOU DON'T (null)ATN(null)(null)CLOSEDECI-":[153]"MALS? (null)HAT IF YOU WANTED TO FIND OUT":[153]"HOW MANY TIMES 2 WOULD GO VAL(null)VAL(null)(null)(null) INTO":[153]"5? (null)OU COULD TRY THIS:
153 GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]":GOSUB1700:PRINT"[145]2":GOSUB1700:GOSUB1035:GOSUB1150:PRINT"[144][214]OILA! [215]E JUST USED OUR FIRST [194]UILT-":PRINT"IN [195][207][205][193][204][160][198]UNCTION, IN THIS CASE [201][206][212](),":PRINT"TO GIVE US THE [201]NTEGER VERSION OF 5/2!":GOSUB1205:PRINT" [212]HERE ARE MANY [195][207][205][193][204][160][194]UILT-IN [198]UNC-
161 [153]"TIONS. (null)OME PERFORM ARITHMETIC/ALGE-":[153]"BRAIC TRANSFORMATIONS SUCH AS RIGHT$(null)(null)(),":[153]"(null)CHR$(null)()CLOSE(RETURNS THE SIGN) AND ATNPEEK(null)()":[153]"(RETURNS THE ATNPEEK(null)OLUTE VALUE). (null)THERS":[153]"PERFORM HIGHER MATH FUNCTIONS, SUCH AS":[153]"(null)RIGHT$(null)(), (null)ATN(null)(), (null)(null)CHR$(), ATN(null)(null)(), &C. (null)TILL
167 PRINT"OTHERS RETURN SYSTEM VALUES, SUCH AS":PRINT"[218][207][206][197]. [212]HERE ARE EVEN FUNCTIONS FOR":PRINT"CHARACTER STRINGS AS WELL AS NUMBERS!":GOSUB1200:PRINT" [210]EMEMBER THE PROGRAM WE WROTE THAT":PRINT"CONVERTS DEGREES [198]ARENHEIT TO DEGREES
172 [153]"LENELSIUS? (null)OULDN'T IT BE NICE IF THERE":[153]"WERE A FUNCTION CALLED LENVAL(